The Labour Department, both at the Central and State levels, regulates employment laws, ensuring fair wages, safe working conditions, and social security benefits. It oversees compliance with labour laws like the Minimum Wages Act, EPF, ESI, and Industrial Disputes Act. Businesses must adhere to these regulations to avoid penalties and legal issues. The department also handles worker grievances, inspections, and dispute resolutions, playing a crucial role in maintaining harmonious employer-employee relationships.